The cone of experience is a visual model, a pictorial device
that presents bands of experiences arranged according to degree of abstraction
and not degree of difficulty. The farther you go from the bottom of the cone,
the more abstract the experiences become.
Direct Purposeful Movement- first-hand
experience which serve as the foundation od our learning. We build up our
reservoir of meaningful information and ideas through seeing, hearing,
touching, tasting and smelling.
Contrived Experiences- in here, we make use of a
representative models or mock up of reality for practical reasons.
Dramatized Experiences- by dramatization, we can
participates in a reconstructed experiences, even though the original event is
far removed from us in time.
Demonstrations- it is visualized explanations of
an important fact, idea or process by the use of photographs, drawings, films,
display, or guided motions.
Study Trips- these are the excursion,
educational trips, and visits conducted to observe an event that is unavailable
within the classroom.
Exhibits- these are displays to be seen by
spectators. The may consist of working models arranged meaningfully or
photographs with models, charts, and posters. Sometimes, exhibits are “for your
eye only”
Television and motion pictures- television and
motion pictures can reconstruct the reality of the past so effectively that we
are made to feel we are there.
Still pictures, recordings, radio- these are
visual and auditory devices which may be used by an individual or a group.
Visual Symbols- These are no longer realistic
reproduction of physical things for these are highly abstract representations.
Verbal Symbols- they are not like the objects or
ideas for which they stand. The usually do not contain visual clues to their
meaning.
APPLICATION
Havard psychologist, Jerome
S. Bruner, presents a three-tiered model of learning where he points out
that every area of knowledge can be presented and learned in three distinct
steps.
It is highly recommended that a learner proceeds from the
ENACTIVE to the ICONIC and only after to the SYMBOLIC.
Three pitfalls that we should avoid with regard to the use
of the Cone of Experiences
- Using one medium in isolation
- Moving to the abstract without an adequate foundation of concrete experiences
- Getting stuck in the concrete without moving to the abstract hampering the development of our students’ higher thinking skills.
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